Four rules between them decide your loan. They interact, which is why the answer is rarely the one people expect.
1. TDSR: 55% of your income
caps all your monthly repayments — the new mortgage plus car loans, personal loans, student loans and credit-card minimums — at 55% of gross monthly income. Only 70% of bonus and other variable income counts.
Paying off a car loan before you apply can raise your borrowing capacity by several hundred thousand dollars.
2. The stress-test rate
Banks do not test that 55% against the rate they offer you. They must use a floor set by MAS, currently 4.0% for private property, so the loan still works if rates rise. Shopping for a cheaper rate lowers what you pay, but not what you can borrow.
3. LTV: how much of the price they will cover
caps the loan at 75% of the price for a first housing loan, with at least 5% of the price in cash and the rest of the down payment from cash or CPF. With one housing loan already outstanding it drops to 45%, and 35% beyond that — with 25% of the price required in cash.
Maximum tenure on private residential property is 35 years.
4. What CPF can and cannot do
- CPF Ordinary Account money can go towards the down payment, beyond the cash minimum, and towards monthly repayments.
- It cannot cover the minimum cash portion, and it generally cannot pay at the point of purchase.
- On a resale home you can usually pay stamp duty from CPF. On a new launch you pay cash first and reimburse yourself afterwards.
- CPF use is restricted where the remaining lease will not last until the youngest buyer turns 95 — see freehold or leasehold and CPF's own guide.
- Money taken from CPF must be returned to CPF, with the interest it would have earned, when you sell.